Friday 27 December 2013

Frequently Asked Questions in Process House



1.                   What are dyes?
2.                   What are pigments?
3.                   Define % Shade.
4.                   Define Absorption and desorption.
5.                   Define Substantivity/Affinity.
6.                   Define Exhaustion.
7.                   Define Material-to-Liquor Ratio.
8.                   Define % Expression.
9.                   Define % Shade.
10.                What are Exhausting Agents?
  1. What are Auxochrome?
  2. What is Chromogen.
  3. What are Chromophore
  4. Define any one of Modern theory of color and constitution:
  5. What are Nitro Dyes?
  6. What are Nitroso Dyes?
  7. What are Azo Dyes?
  8. What are Diphenyl methane dyes?
  9. What are Triphenyl methane dyes?
  10. What are Heterocyclic Dyes?
  11. What are Anthraquinone dyes?
  12. What are Indigoid dyes?
  13. What are Phthlocyanines.
  14. What are Acid dyes.
  15. What are Basic dyes.
  16. What are Mordant dyes.
  17. What are direct dyes.
  18. What are azoic dyes.
  19. What are Vat dyes.
  20. What are Disperse dyes.
  21. What are Reactive dyes.
  22. What are Sulphur dyes.
  23. How to dye polyester nylon blends.
  24. What are all the Problems caused by piling?
  25. Which plasma used for desizing?
  26. Which plasma used for hydrophilic finishing?
  27. Why more degradation in Acid desizing than enzymatic     desizing.
  28. What are methods of Reduction bleaching.
  29. Factors Affecting Pilling tendency.
  30. Physical and chemical methods to reduce the pilling.
  31. The factors that facilities the static charge on fiber.
  32. Define Antistatic agents.
  33. Define Wetting agent.
  34. Define Peroxide killer.
  35. Define Dispersing Agents.
  36. Define Retarding Agents.
  37. Define Sequestring agents.
  38. Define pH regulator.
  39. Define Anti foaming agent. 
  40. Define Dye fixing agent.
  41. Define Dye bath conditioning agents.
  42. Define Migration inhibitor.
  43. Define Levelling agents.
  44. Indigosal O is suitable for wool since..........
  45. Solamine Black is..........
  46. Astrazon Blue GL is recommended..........
57.                  O-Nitrodiphenyl amine disperses dyes have better light fastness due to..........
58.                The term degumming is associated with__________ fibre while retting with________ fibres.
  1. A spin finish formulation contains...........
  2. Gas-singeing machine is operated at a speed of..........
  3. The desizing process mainly removes..........
  4. Batch-wise scouring can be carried out in..........
63.                The most important ingredient of a scouring composition is..........
  1. What is saponification?
  2. What is emulsification?
  3. What is Barium Activity Number?
  4. Define Ring Dyeing on denim
  5. What is souring?
  6. Wool and silk can be bleached with..........
  7. Polyester and acrylic fibers can be bleached with..........
  8. Mercerization is carried out with NaOH at concentration..........
  9. An optical brightener is..........
73.                Damage caused to cotton during bleaching can be assessed by measuring..........
  1. Efficiency of Desizing can be assessed by..........
  2. Efficiency of Scouring can be assessed by..........
  3. Efficiency of Bleaching can be assessed by..........
  4. Efficiency of mercerization can be assessed by..........
  5. Cross-section of NaOH swollen cotton fibres shows rings in the   secondary wall which are better known as..........
  6. The hollow space in cotton fibres is known as Lumen while         that in wool is called..........
  7. How to dye cotton/lyocell by using of reactive dyes.....
  8. The sulphur containing amino acids in wool are cystine      and..........
  9. Stem fiber are also known as..........
  10. ..........colors can be prepared on the substrate.
  11. Indigo is a .......... dye.
  12. Reactive dyes form a .......... bond with the fibre.
  13. Pigments are applied along with a..........
  14. Acrylic fibers are dyed with ..........dyes.
  15. Rapidogen colors are a mixture of a .......... base and a..........
89.                A low-temperature catalyst for curing pigment colors is...........
90.                The most preferred chemical used in discharge printing for reducing the dye is ..........
91.                Steaming of printed polyester fabrics is carried out in a loop ager at.........ºC.
92.                Carbonization treatment is given to printed polyester/viscose rayon fabric to dissolve..........
93.                When cloth gets soaked in water, it looks transparent because of..........
94.                Sodium hypoclorite bleaching of cotton is carried out at what temperature..........
95.                Commercially, scouring of cotton is carried out by using..........
96.                Dyeing of silk is carried out by using which dyes..........
97.                Monchloro triazine reactive dyes are applied on cotton under which p H and temperature..........
98.                Modified cationic dyes on acrylic are held by which bonds..........
99.                Cylindrical design screens are used in the technique of..........
100.            Discharge printing of polyester is carried out by using..........
101.            Sublimation transfers printing of polyester with disperse dyes is carried out at..........
  1. Swelling agent used during printing of nylon is..........
  2. Stone wash finish is more commonly given to..........
  3. Weight reduction finish is more commonly given to..........
  4. Heat-setting of polyester is carried out on..........
  5. Rot Proof finish is given to..........
  6. Dimethylol dihydroxy ethylene urea is used to improve..........
108.            Which fibre dissolves at room temperature in methylene chloride..........?
  1. Which fibre is generally dyed with cationic dye..........?
  2. Resist salt is..........
  3. THPC is a..........
  4. Special luster of silk is related to..........
  5. Crystallinity percent of wool fibre is approximately..........
  6. Alkali resistance is highest in case of..........
  7. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is used for sizing........
116.            Boiling-off of cellulosic fibrous material during scouring in air may result in the formation of.......
  1. For bleaching of cotton, amount of H2O2(50% required is).....
  2. Sodium chlorite is used for the bleaching of......
  3. Material to liquor ratio in a Jigger dyeing machine is......
  4. Peracetic acid is used for the bleaching of......
  5. Indigo is a......
  6. For pigment printing following type of thickener system is          preferably used......
  7. For wash-n-wear finish the crease recovery angle should be....
  8. Nylon can be dyed with...
  9. Heat setting of synthetic filaments is done to
  10. Acid-alkali resistance is the highest for
  11. Most dominant synthetic fibre used in the world is....
  12. In the case of hypochlorite bleaching, the species responsible    for bleaching is.....
  13. Reaction of vinyl sulphone dyes with cellulose is......
  14. ‘Batik’ printing is carried out using.....
  15. Flame retardancy is primarily obtained by.....
  16. In printing Sodium sulphoxylate formaldehyde is used for....
  17. British gum is derivative of......
  18. Gum Indalca is derivative of......
  19. CMC is derivative of......
  20. Malachite Green is belongs to......
  21. Velan PF is......
  22. Why enzyme desizing of cotton is safer compared to desizing     with mineral acids?
  23. Why quenching of cotton fabric is essential after singeing?  
  24. What is the role of sodium silicate in bleaching of cotton with     hydrogen peroxide?
  25. Sublimation transfer printing with disperse dyes is suitable for    printing of polyester and not for acrylic. Explain briefly
  26. Justify why ionic dyes cannot be used for sublimation transfer    printing
  27. In the case of vat dyes,sodium hydrosulphite is not suitable       for printing while sodium sulphoxylate formaldehyde is not        suitable for dyeing. Explain?
  28. Why soaping at boil is absolutely essential after dyeing of cotton with reactive dyes?
  29. Differentiate between wash-n-wear and durable press       finishing of cotton
  30. Define water Proof.
  31. Define water repellent.
  32. The angle of wind of a cone meant for dyeing is
  33. Singeing of polyester is carried out to
  34. Identify the machine that works on the principle of both fabric   and liquor moving  during the dyeing operation
  35. The most suitable thickener for reactive by printing on cotton    is.......
  36. Extremely good wash fastness of reactive dyes on cotton is       due to the formation of.......
  37. Soil release finishes are most effective on......
  38. Enzyme desizing of cotton is carried out with the help of
  39. Molecular weight of dyes suitable for sublimation transfer printing of polyester is in the range of.........
  40. Reduction potential of sodium hydrosulphite under alkaline        condition at room temperature is.........
  41. Resist printing on cotton under reactive dyes is carried out        at.........
  42. Compounds based on nitrogen and phosphorous are used of.........
  43. The disperse reactive dyes were developed for.........
  44. Compared to the untreated fabric,the water repellent treated     fabric will.........
  45. The presence of metal ions during H202 bleaching.........
  46. Thermodynamically, dyeing is.........
  47. The reactive dyes are designed to have
  48. One Remazol brand and one basic dye have been given to a     printer for                  producing a discharge printed silk sari. For      this (which one ground)
  49. On treating with NaOH solution, the flame retardancy of the         phosphorylated cotton  fabric
  50. Distinguish between vapour phase and condensed phase   mechanism of flame
  51. The main object of singeing is,
  52. The main object of souring is,
  53. The main object of desizing is,
  54. The main object of bleaching is,
  55. Which  fibres to vat dyes were usually applied
  56. Identify the fibres to which disperse dyes are usually applied
  57. Identify the fibres to which reactive dyes are usually applied
  58. Identify the fibres to which pigments can be  applied
  59. Pick out the synthetic polyamide fibres from the following
  60. Pick out the package dying machine/a from the following
  61. An optical brightening agent (OBA) is a colourless dye that        gives a bright white appearance to a fabric because,
  62. If cotton material is to be  dyed to give good all-round      fastness, you would use a
  63. Identify the dye that has colour fastness properties to       hypochlorite bleaching
  64. The dye that typically shows poor colour fastness properties      to washing and light is …
  65. The test conditions for the BIS wash Fastness Test No. 1 are …
  66. Sanforising is a process to…
  67. Calendaring is a process  to…
  68. Mercerization is a chemical process to make a cotton fabric
  69. Denim clothes can be quickly given a faded look at selected      places  by means of … In transfer printing..
  70. Explain different types of softener
  71. Name out the different types of resins

Write with reasons, whether the following statements are true or false:
  1. The visible region is from 300 nm to 700 nm
  2. The light fastness is assessed with the help of a grey scale.
  3. Wool dissolves in sulphuric acid.
  4. Cellulose acetate can be melt spun.
  5. Cotton behaves as a cross-linked polymer
  6. The colors that are on the textile fabrics are due to subtractive colour mixing.
  7. Toluene on sulphonation gives Meta substituted sulphonic acid.
  8. Hydroxyl and amino groups do not influence the colour and       dyeing properties of azo dyes
  9. Silk a highly sensitive to alkali while wool is not
  10. Silk a smooth while wool has scales on the surface
  11. Silk is mostly composed of a few amino acids while wool has     many more
  12. Silk has higher crystallinity than wool.
  13. Mixture of titanium chloride and antimony oxide is used for       producing flame Retardant cotton.





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